Category Archives: Physics

Nature’s Strongest Force

In May 2024 issue of Scientific American, one of the articles in the magazine was “Nature’s Strongest Force” by Stanley J. Brodsky, Alexandre Deur, and Craig D. Roberts. The article talks about the recent accomplishment in measuring the strength of the strong force. The strong force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. As the name suggests, the strong force is the strongest force in the universe. It is responsible for quarks being bonded together to form protons and neutrons. For a long time, physicists have had immense trouble in measuring the coupling constant of the strong force, denoted by αs (“alpha s”). This is because the αs grows exponentially as the distance between quarks increases. The region at which the strength is too great to measure is known as the Terra Damnata. However, when Deur measured αs at distances within the Terra Damnata, he found that at some point αs leveled out and became constant. Brodsky and de Teramond Peralta developed a method to measure αs at long distances and found that their calculations matched what Deur had computed. However, to say we definitively calculated alpha_s would require a quantum chromodynamics(QCD)-based equation. Two strategies emerged from the use of QCD equations: the “top-down” approach and the “bottom-up” approach. Roberts and Lei Chang computed results from the bottom-up approach and compared them with the results of the two leading physicists in the top-down approach. These four physicists found that both strategies were mutually compatible. Afterward, Roberts and other colleagues brainstormed and came up with a universal QCD equation. For the first time in history, we have data for αs at all distances.